Africa is home to a complex security environment, ripe with opportunity and challenges. Over the last two decades, the continent’s defence landscape has undergone a huge transformation. The type of threats faced by the continent are diverse – ranging from political instability, civil wars, terrorism and border conflicts and water security. Countries in the region are investing in new defence toolkits to counter these challenges. As a result, new trends have emerged. Conflicts in North Africa heighten, and countries in the region are keen on investing heavily in their air force to outdo each other. Meanwhile, China is emerging as a supplier for the air force across the continent. In this whitepaper, you will read about the evolving threats in the continent, which countries are upgrading their air force, and what they are investing in.